Question 1 - Single Best Answer
The basis of our ability to fight bacterial infections with antibiotics is
A) the outer membrane of bacteria
B) the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
C) the unicellular nature of bacteria
D) the peptidoglycan of bacteria
E) the mitochondria of eukaryotes
Question 2 - Single Best Answer
Vegatative cells of Bacillus anthracis would appear what shape under the microscope?
A) round
B) rod-shaped
C) spiral
D) comma-shaped
E) clustered
Question 3 - Single Best Answer
The main difference between Gram+ and Gram- bacteria is
A) the thick peptidoglycan in Gram-
B) the capsule in Gram-
C) the outer membrane in Gram-
D) wax D in Gram+
E) the LPS in Gram+
Question 4 - Single Best Answer
N-acetyl muramic acid is a component of
A) Gram+ only
B) Gram- only
C) LPS
D) peptidoglycan
E) cord factor
Question 5 - Single Best Answer
Lipid A is a component of
A) Gram+ only
B) Gram- only
C) peptidoglycan only
D) cell membranes
Question 6 - Single Best Answer
Phosphatidyl glycerol ( a phospholipid) is a component of
A) teichoic acid
B) peptidoglycan
C) the outer membrane
D) the inner (cytoplasmic) membrane
E) the outer and inner membranes
Question 7 - Single Best Answer
Endotoxin is another name for
A) muramyl dipeptide
B) peptidoglycan
C) cord factor
D) LPS
Question 8 - Single Best Answer
The bacterial structure most similar to its eukaryotic counterpart is
A) peptidoglycan
B) outer membrane
C) cytoplasmic membrane
D) mitochondria
E) nucleus
Question 9 - Single Best Answer
Anaerobic bacteria most commonly use which of the following to regenerate NAD
A) fermentation
B) respiration
C) siderophores
D) the cell membrane
Question 10 - Single Best Answer
The fastest growth phase of bacteria is
A) lag
B) log
C) stationery
D) aerobic
E) anaerobic
Question 11 - Single Best Answer
Most point mutations result in
A) new genes
B) loss of function
C) antibiotic resistance
D) no genotypic change
E) no phenotypic change
Question 12 - Single Best Answer
A temperate phage
A) can cause lysogenic conversion
B) can cause specific transduction
C) can lyse a cell
D) can be transferred by conjugation
E) all of the above
Question 13 - Single Best Answer
A gene coding for phosphorylation of kanamycin flanked by two insertion sequences is called
A) transduction
B) plasmid
C) chromosome
D) transposon
Question 14 - Single Best Answer
An antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase (unwinds supercoiled DNA) is
A) nalidixic acid
B) penicillin
C) metronidazole
D) rifampin
E) sulfonamide
Question 15 - Single Best Answer
Normal flora are always found in the
A) urine in the bladder
B) spinal fluid
C) blood
D) pharynx
E) lung
F) more than one of the above
G) none of the above
Question 16 - Single Best Answer
The major role of capsules in virulence is to
A) prevent DNA transfer
B) prevent phagocytosis
C) stimulate adherence
D) stimulate spread
E) inhibit the oxidative burst
Question 17 - Single Best Answer
Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (an Fc binding protein) allows the bacteria to cover itself with antibodies. This
A) kills the bacteria
B) protects the bacteria
C) is an example of antigenic variation
D) is an example of antigenic mimicry
E) stimulates complement binding
Question 18 - Single Best Answer
An energized membrane in bacteria has
A) a higher concentration of H+ on the outside
B) a higher concentration of H+ on the inside
C) a higher concentration of ATP on the outside
D) a higher concentration of ATP on the inside
E) respiratory enzymes in the membrane
Question 19 - Single Best Answer
Most cases of chronic bronchitis are caused by
A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) rhino viruses
E) smoking
Question 20 - Single Best Answer
Gram positive diplococci are found in a person with chronic bronchitis. They are alpha hemolytic and optichin sensitive. His lungs are clear and he is not producing sputum when he coughs.
A) The bacteria are Strep pneumoniae because they often colonize individuals with bronchitis
B) The bacteria are not Strep pneumoniae because he has no signs of pneumonia
C) The bacteria are Strep pyogenes because they are alpha hemolytic
D) The man should be given penicillin to prevent rheumatic fever
Question 21 - Single Best Answer
A bacterium is found to produce an enzyme that phosphorylates kanamycin and inactivates it. The genetic information for this activity will likely be found
A) on the chromosome
B) on the mitochondrial DNA
C) on a plasmid
D) on an insertion sequence
Question 22 - Single Best Answer
Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
A) is caused by beta lactamase
B) is coded for by a plasmid
C) is due to chromosomal mutations
D) is due to a structural change in the peptidoglycan
E) all of the above
Question 23 - Single Best Answer
Using antibiotics in animal feed to promote growth should be discouraged because
A) it will make the animals antibiotic resistant
B) it will make antibiotics useless for treating animal diseases but will have no effects on humans
C) it will cause bacteria to mutate to antibiotic resistance in the animals and allow the spread of these bacteria to humans
D) it will select for antibiotic resistant bacteria in the animals and allow the spread of these bacteria to humans
Question 24 - Single Best Answer
The low blood pressure in Staphylococcus aureus-caused toxic shock syndrome is caused by
A) LPS
B) an A-B toxin
C) an immunological reaction
D) the coagulase
E) the penicillinase
F) a superantigen
Question 25 - Single Best Answer
Blood-stained or rust colored sputum is often a sign of
A) TB
B) walking pneumonia
C) chlamydia pneumonia
D) pneumococcal pneumonia
Question 26 - Single Best Answer
It is important to diagnose Streptococcal sore throat because
A) it can lead to pneumonia
B) its sequela, rheumatic fever, can be prevented with penicillin
C) it is a sign of child abuse
D) the toxin that is produced can lead to heart failure
E) it can lyse the red blood cells
Question 27 - Single Best Answer
Diphtheria toxin acts by
A) taking an ADP group from NAD and putting it on EF-2
B) adding an ADP group to diphthamide
C) binding to the heparin binding protein on heart cells
D) helping in the formation of a pseudomembrane
E) all of the above
Question 28 - Single Best Answer
The treatment of choice for mycoplasma pneumonia is
A) penicillin
B) antitoxin
C) toxoid
D) an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis
E) an antibiotic that can enter eukaryotic cells
Question 29 - Single Best Answer
Tenting skin is an indication of?
A) low blood pressure
B) immunosuppression
C) fever
D) dehydration
E) zoonotic diseases
Question 30 - Single Best Answer
What does it mean that colonies are white (or colorless) on McConkey's agar or EMB agar?
A) they are gamma hemolytic
B) they are fastidious
C) they cannot metabolize lactose
D) they do not have a glycolytic cycle
E) they are Gram negative